Naming Simple Alkyne Chains

An Article On The National Marriage Project - 880 Words

This article from the National Marriage Project was definitely an intriguing read. It is really astonishing to see all of the statics about marriage, cohabitation, and even divorce. One things that stood out to me in the article, were the graphs. I have always been someone that likes to see visuals. The graphs compare the difference, regarding marriage, between least educated, moderately educated, and highly educated individuals. Throughout all of the data and statistics, one things is certain: The importance of marriage has declined over the years. Although statistics may seem skewed at times, the statistics in this article seem to be very true. The studies have shown that the well educated tend to have more successful marriages and a more stable relationship than the others. Marriage seems to be heading in the direction of luxury. It seems as if, through research, that many couples are successful if they have all of the adequate means that the well educated men and women have. As w e look at the statistics, unsuccessful marriages were typically detected within the least educated. Over the past several years, this has spread to the moderately educated. Some of these moderately educated men and women feel as if they are not economically ready and fit to start a family. Several years ago, it was seen that most unsuccessful marriages were seen in the least educated, but unfortunately, this is spreading into the moderately educated. It is extremely eye opening to see howShow MoreRelatedWhat s Happening Of Marriage?884 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage is a very common thing in today’s society, but along with the popularity of marriage comes divorces that end marriages. With divorce becoming more common, men may second guess popping the question or women might think twice about saying yes. With divorce making an appearance more often in marriage it is a given that today’s marriages have changed, and there is all time high divorce rate to prove it. In t he article â€Å"What’s Happening to Marriage?† by The National Marriage Project, providesRead MoreDifferences Between Conservatives And Liberals987 Words   |  4 PagesIn the project that I m doing, my goal is to understand and explain the differences between Conservatives and Liberals as well as how their differences will cause issues within the political process of lawmaking in the United States. Along with doing this, my project will make the attempt of discovering whether most Americans truly understand their political parties motives and follow them based on their own beliefs or not. It s clear that Conservatives and Liberals will oppose each other on almostRead MoreIs Marriage Still Relevant?1701 Words   |  7 PagesIs Marriage Still Relevant? Many things have changed over the course of time. Change ranges from what people wear to how people talk. Change in inevitable, but one of the largest changes is the relevancy of marriage. 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More and more governments each year around the world are considering legalizing same-sexRead MorePrevalence And Growth Of Cohabitation756 Words   |  4 Pagesby Jennifer Ludden, a correspondent on NPR’s National Desk, reported on the study conducted by National Marriage Project and the Institute for American Values. The study reported that children from cohabiting parents are at risk for problems ranging from trouble in school to psychological stress, physical abuse, and poverty. From my understanding, there seem to be no gaps or omissions in the research. Cohabitation and Child Wellbeing, a research article, by Wendy D. Manning, a distinguished researchRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Laramie 1450 Words   |  6 Pagesleft to die, prompting a countrywide debate about crime, hate, and homophobia. 30 days after the incident, Moses Kaufman, a director and writer with the New York City theater group the Tectonic Theater Project, shifted to Laramie to prepare for an upcoming production. (Teman, 2016). The Laramie Project is in many cases referred to as docudrama, a play that is highly based on real facts. To such a point, the play comprises all work of nonfiction. Although the major elements of the play are founded onRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage: A Human Right912 Words   |  4 Pagesthere are nearly 9 million LGB individuals (Gates 1). Despite this, same-sex marriage is only legalized in seventeen out of fifty states, as well as the District of Columbia (Freedom to Marry). In thirty-three states, the government has decided that it has the power to intervene in who its citizens want to marry and love, as if they could decide our friends and family. Though the question is often â€Å"Why should same-sex marriage be legalized?† no one seems to wonder â€Å"Why should I, or anyone else, haveRead MoreEssay Cohabitation, Marriage, and Divorce1239 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen perceived as the stepping stone to marriage by the modern generation. In Whitman, (2003), cohabitation has grown so widely that there is one cohabiting couple out of 7 marriages in 2010 as compared to 1 out of 90 marriages in 1960. According to her, the attitude towards the whole of marriage institution has changed drastically over time. In the same article, currently in the US, of 3 single women, 1 chooses to live with their partners before marriage as compared to the 1950’s where only 1 outRead MoreThe Role Of Globalisation On Emergence, Development And Outcomes Of Social Movements1515 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence of globalisation o n emergence, development and outcomes of social movements that seek to protect human rights. (60 words) Case One of the most serious human rights violations are forced child marriages. Child marriage is defined as a formal marriage or informal union before age 18. Forced marriages have a strong affect on women s and children’s rights to education, health, equality, and life that is free from violence and exploitation. The basic human rights for freedom, education and healthRead MoreThe Impact Of Family Formation Change On The Cognitive, Social, And Emotional Well Being Of The Next Generation1031 Words   |  5 PagesAmato, P. R. (2005). The impact of family formation change on the cognitive, social, and emotional well-being of the next generation. Journal of Marriage and Child Wellbeing, 15 (2), 75-90. Retrieved from: www.futureofchildren.org. This journal explains that researchers, such as Amato, have several theories that explain why and how children growing up with single parents have an elevated risk of experiencing problems. Some of these problems include cognitive thinking, social interaction and the

Energy Harvesting and Nanotechnology Free Essays

Energy Harvesting and Nanotechnology| April 28 2011 | Energy harvesting generators are attractive as unlimited replacements for batteries in electronic devices and have been the focus of new researches for past years. This paper reviews the principles behind this technology and their integration to harvest energy. Also proposes a greener alternative for the production of quantum dots before the integration to new technologies. We will write a custom essay sample on Energy Harvesting and Nanotechnology or any similar topic only for you Order Now | Nanowires and Quantum Dots| Energy Harvesting with Nanowires and Quantum Dots Introduction Harvesting energy is the core of our modern human existence. We need to power our cars, homes, and personal electronics. T o power our technology we need energy. Most electrical energy is harvested in one of two ways. These ways are mechanically harvested or harvested from solar power. Mechanically harvested energy needs moving parts, for example, to turn a generator. Solar energy can be harvested through solar cells via the photoelectric effect. As technology becomes smaller and more compact, power conversion technology needs to also adapt to this changes. Nanotechnology has shown great promise to become the power generator for future nanotechnology. 1 That is the purpose of this paper to show how this technology works and is integrated to the production of energy. Nanowires have a diameter in between 20 nm and 100 nm. They can be made from many types of material, however most research is being done on silicon nanowires1-2 3 4 5 6 ; carbon and CdS/CdTe7 nanowires also are being researched. These nanowires can convert solar energy into electrical energy with enough efficiency to power small devices. This technology can create self sufficient nanotechnologies that do not need batteries or need to be connected to a power source. This new technology will be completely different to the macro-technology we have today, were we have to change out batteries or plug them into a wall. Self-sustaining technology is very green, because they do not need a non-renewable outside energy sources. Quantum dots are being researched as a viable alternative to silicon based solar cells. Quantum dots are small particles, or â€Å"nanoparticles†, of a semiconductor material, most common chalcogenides (selenides or sulfides) of metals like cadmium or zinc (CdSe or ZnS), which are usually from 2 to 10 nanometers in diameter. Because of their size, quantum dots display unique optical and electrical properties that are different in character to those of the corresponding bulk material. The most relevant of these is the emission of photons under excitation, which are visible to the human eye as light. Moreover, Quantum dots can be tuned to certain wavelengths based on their size and are able to produce more than one electron per absorbed photon. These molecules are generally made out of CdSe and are cheap, their synthesis is relatively green, and they have great stability over many years. They do not bleach like other dyes and their efficiency does not fade nearly as quickly as normal dyes. 7 Nanowires and quantum dots have become very interesting topics in chemical research. They have potential to start a new wave of technology and may be the future power source of almost every technology. This article is about how scientists can harvest solar power on a nanoscale, with quantum dot technology showing much promise as a green solution. Solar Power. Today, solar power is harvested by large photovoltaic cells (a solid state electrical device that converts the energy of sunlight directly into electricity) that are made of crystalline silicon; the generation of electricity from the sun was a landmark in Green Chemistry. However, these large panels are bulky and expensive. Silicon nanowires use the same mechanism for power generation, but are smaller and more portable. The coaxial silicon nanowires operate by using coaxial shells selectively doped to absorb photons and produce electrons. 1,3 Coaxial silicon nanowires have 2 shells and a core, figure 1 shows the nanowire and a view of the cross section of the nanowire. Figure 1. The blue outer shell is the n-type shell, the inner yellow shell is in the i-type shell, and the pink core is the p-type core. The diagram on the right shows how the holes (h+), and the photo generated electrons (e-) flow across the nanowire. (Adapted from figure 1 in Nature 2007, 449, 885-889) The outer shell is crystalline in structure which enables the wire to absorb photons. The semiconductor material construction made this nanowire operate like a diode. Diodes allow current to flow one way but not another. Diodes are very common in household electronics and circuits. This means that self-powered circuits can be created from these nanowires. , 3-4 Quantum Dots are able to emit three excitons from one photon through an effect called the Multiple Exciton Effect. An exciton is an electron and its hole. Quantum dots can be tuned to many different wavelengths of light, because the wavelength they absorb is based on the diameter of the dot. The material for quantum dots is more cost effective than silicon-based solar panels. Theoretical limits for power conversion efficiency are approximately 60% 7. This is an amazing efficiency, but there are some debates about how true this efficiency is. There is not much known about quantum dots still, the organic outer layer that is used to separate these particles seem to have photo-electronic effects as well. Figure 2, shows an experimental power generator utilizing quantum dots and a mechanical piezoelectric generator. Figure 2 This is a power generator that uses both solar and mechanical means to harvest power. The quantum dots are interlaced in the ZnO nanowires. The solar cell power conversion efficiency of this device was 15. 8%. Unfortunately, the process of making heavy metal quantum dots is not very green. Some processes require high temperatures and heavy material loss. Current production methods have seen some LCA assessments of quantum dots. There is a lot of waste developed during the production and purification of quantum dots. Mass-by-mass comparison with silicon solar cells, show that quantum dots require far more energy and solvent. However, since only a small amount of quantum dots are being used in technology and the long lasting and high efficiency of power generation gives quantum dots a better assessment in all environmental aspects except heavy metal emission. Since emerging technologies rapidly change, this assessment could be outdated in six months with a new greener synthesis. Proposal Greener QDs: Cadmiun free quantum dots In many parts of the world there are legislation that restrict and in some cases ban heavy metals such as Cd in many household appliances such as Lighting equipment , Electrical electronic tools, sport telecommunication equipment and entertainment devices. Many reports have shown that cadmium-based QDs were toxic at the tissue and cellular levels when their surfaces are not carefully functionalized. 1, 12 CuInS2 is a direct band gap semiconductor material with a band gap of 1. 45 eV. Thus, by tailoring their composition and size, it is possible to fabricate CuInS2 QDs that emit from the visible to near-infrared (NIR) region, with high quantum yield. More importantly, CuInS2 QDs are more suitable for biomedical imaging applications and integration in household devices because the particles are free from toxic elements such as cadmium, lead, mercury. The properties of these nanoparticles are very similar to those of CdS quantum dots, but the overall efficiency and shifts in spectra are still lower that the ones obtained by cadmium QD’s. More research needs to be done to increase the overall properties of this nanoparticles and their integration to electronic devices, but some ideas that are being currently tried are coating CuInS2 with organic materials that enables the particles to be more efficient and increases their luminescence. Currently this QD’s are being mass produced for example by Nanoco is a nanotechnology company located in Manchester, United Kingdom that uses a molecular seeding method adapted for other compound semiconductor materials, which have similar optical properties to those of CdSe quantum dots (such as the family of III-V materials), but do not contain heavy metals. So the possibilities for the implementation of this technology on devices that are in constant contact with humans are infinite, if new alternatives like this are implemented in future designs. Conclusion Self-sustaining technology is the end goal for these nanogenerators; this can lead to a green revolution in technology and reduce the emissions into our atmosphere. Currently, quantum dots are beginning to show amazing properties that may one day replace batteries and carbon- based energy production. Unfortunately, the current process for the synthesis of quantum dots generates too much solvent waste and uses too much power, but there is research trying to quantify the environmental impact and reduce it. Since quantum dots are an emerging technology, the production and utilization may drastically change in the coming years and hopefully a strong emphasis on low environmental impact will be on the forefront. Meanwhile this technology is being introduced in the solar energy production and medical procedures like targeting cell and biomarkers, giving results that promise a change in the way energy is produced. References 1. Tian, B. Z. ; Zheng, X. L. ; Kempa, T. J. ; Fang, Y. ; Yu, N. F. ; Yu, G. H. ; Huang, J. L. ; Lieber, C. M. , Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources. Nature 2007, 449 (7164), 885-U8. 2. Peng, K. Q. ; Wang, X. ; Lee, S. T. , Silicon nanowire array photoelectrochemical solar cells. Applied Physics Letters 2008, 92 (16). 3. Sivakov, V. ; Andra, G. ; Gawlik, A. ; Berger, A. ; Plentz, J. ; Falk, F. ; Christiansen, S. H. , Silicon Nanowire-Based Solar Cells on Glass: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Cell Parameters. Nano Letters 2009, 9 (4), 1549-1554. 4. Tian, B. ; Kempa, T. J. ; Lieber, C. M. , Single nanowire photovoltaics. Chemical Society Reviews 2009, 38 (1), 16-24. 5. Tsakalakos, L. ; Balch, J. ; Fronheiser, J. Korevaar, B. A. ; Sulima, O. ; Rand, J. , Silicon nanowire solar cells. Applied Physics Letters 2007, 91 (23). 6. Yang, R. S. ; Qin, Y. ; Dai, L. M. ; Wang, Z. L. , Power generation with laterally packaged piezoelectric fine wires. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4 (1), 34-39. 7. Lee, M. ; Yang, R. ; Li, C. ; Wang, Z. L. , Nanowire-Quantum Dot Hybridized Cell for Harvesting Sound and Solar Energies. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1 (19), 2929-2935. 8. Sengul, H; Thomas T. , An environmental impact assessment of quantum dot photovoltaics from raw material acquisition through use. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2011, 19, 21-31. 9. Ken-Tye Yong, Indrajit Roy, Rui Hu, Hong Ding, Hongxing Cai, Jing Zhu, Xihe Zhang, Earl J. Bergey and Paras N. Prasad; Synthesis of ternary CuInS2/ZnS quantum dot bioconjugates and their applications for targeted cancer bioimaging, Integr. Biol. , 2010,  2, 121-129 10. www. nonoco. com 11. K. -T. Yong, H. Ding, I. Roy, W. -C. Law, E. J. Bergey, A. Maitra and P. N. Prasad, ACS Nano, 2009, 3, 502. 12. Y. Su, Y. He, H. Lu, L. Sai, Q. Li, W. Li, L. Wang, P. Shen, Q. Huang and C. Fan, Biomaterials, 2009, 30, 19. How to cite Energy Harvesting and Nanotechnology, Papers

The Study of Linguistics Essay Example For Students

The Study of Linguistics Essay Language changes with history and time. Our perception ofwords changes. Everything changes, from cooking with fire tocooking with a microwave.Even language changes, examples areaccents and books, influential people, and historical occurrences. Accents shows development of culture over time, maybe over ahistorical occurrence, such as a new country being found, thepeople living there might adopt the culture of the founders. Language also changes, from using different sounds in words, whichare called phonemes. The english language has about 43 different phonemes, such asOH, EE, etc. which make up our language. Different cultures, suchas some Indian Tribes, may have more or less phonemes in theirlanguage, showing either a lower form of language with less wordsand sounds or a higher form with only the necessary sounds andwords. Also the syntax, also known as grammar, have an effect on thesociety. There is no proper way to write a book, for example,but just a standard way everyone uses. This may be thought of asthe proper way but rebels will use no periods and have one longparagraph in a 400 page book. Maybe the culture says it ismandatory to have everything in one continuous sentence, whileothers more civilized or advanced will follow the rules to the veryletter. Accents also have different languages linked to them. Different letters, phrases, and even a whole new language may becreated in the process of learning the language, over time and ametamorphosis to keep up with the changing world. Letters are called graphemes, meaning the 26 letters of thealphabet, more or less in different languages. In inuit forexample, every grapheme follows a very obvious pattern of a prefixfollowed by a certain suffix, a combination of vowels andconsonants. For example, there might be a set of the letters r, t,and h, and with the suffixes oo, ot, etc. Different symbols can also be associated with differentcultures. The cross is associated with our religion, although itmight not be in Tasmania, for example. The newer addition of thesesymbols helps to understand the concept more clearly, as intelevision, which is like a talking and showing book. How can language have meaning? Through time it may lose andgain new meaning, through historical occurrences, for example. During the war, a whole new kind of lingo spread like wildfirethrough the battling nations. The study of how language containsmeaning is called semantics, and through this we can see what hasoccurred and what will occur, like a time machine right before oureyes which we must study to use efficiently. The influence of different people has a major effect on ourlives. Our political system, family, friends, this all mayadversely affect our lives in ways we might regret. Influentialpeople coining words, for example might nuke a country. GeorgeBush set a world record by saying the most metaphors in hispresidential speech after winning. Language might not changeobviously with historical occurrences, but it does. The change is obvious in historical occurrences which affectthe whole world. The meeting in the Gulf has stirred up anentire planet, maybe starting a war which will devastate the earth. As gas prices rise, everything needing fuel does. The means ofcommunication between two people change, from ignorance toshouting, to whispering, to nothing between the two. Ourperception of the concept must be clear before we can actuallycommunicate efficiently, language itself must be understood fullyfor it to be used fully. Changing with history and time means a whole new environmentto live in where we must constantly adapt to our surroundings tosurvive. Car insurance, for example, was considered a luxury 70years ago, now it is life and death. The change can be so subtleover time that it hits us so hard we do not expect it, withhorrendous results sometimes the outcome. Freedom Of Expression EssayPerhaps he though the spanish to be a dominant race in the futurewhen he created this language? Or did he want the whole world tocome together as one to cooperate and live freely? The perceptionis different with time and culture, as in the future the spanishwill dominate the earth and spanish will die, revealing theundercoating of another language, another culture?Peoples perception of modern language and the language of oldis surprising. In a survey, ninety six percent of the peoplethought of old language as words like thou, thee, dost, ye, etc. And in the same survey, when an example was given, people followedthe example, not reading the question fully. I purposely miswordedthe phrase to see what people would write. The results are surprising. Only TWO people answered the question right. The others wrotewords with the same meaning. like big-large, etc. like in t heexample. The reading and the understanding of the question showshow people have developed their understanding over time. As new concepts are developed, used, and used again, a wholenew language might be created from it. Names for the new conceptsare also created, as with robots. Airplanes, cars, and many othermachines are examples. A second generation from that mightpronounce things differently, like over here we pronounce LevisLEE-VIES, while in Europe, they pronounce it LEH-VIS. This showsa change to adapt to their language, french. Language has to expand to take on the new concepts we develop. Historical events, such as wars, have a part in uniting twocultures or destroying two. They can destroy one, leaving them topick up the pieces and to start over, or bring two together to makea whole new language. This is good in a way, but if a culture iscompletely destroyed, can it come back to its previous stature?Can it get better?Our perception of phrases can be altered too. As our sense ofhumor has developed from medieval England, for example, we developour phrases too. Fred lost a string in the house which was alltied up. What do you see? Fred looking for a knotted string? OrFred looking at a knotted house? Our perception of this phrasemight have been only one, the first one, while today there aremillions of possibilities. Language in the form of humor, changeswith time. If we were freezed in time right now, and woke up in the year2090, we would be surprised and shocked to find ourselves there. If we had no way of going home, we wo uld have to stay, and adaptto the new cultures. We have not seen what has transpired beforethat, so we do not know what to do.But, if we had stayed in 1990and let our evolution take place, we would have seen everything. In the future this is like learning a new culture all by itself. Language changes with historical occurences and time. Timechanges it, the influences of people change it, history changes it. We all live it, and the change everyday is so subtle we oftencannot detect it. If we were zapped into the future, we would findit foriegn, because we do not know the language and cultures. Historical influences can unite two cultures, destroy many, makenew ones. We all have a different perception of what language isand how it changes, and it might change when we share thatinformation with others, getting their ideas and using our own. Our standards and meanings of words changes too, our sounds andsyntax expanding for new concepts. New concepts help us tounderstand the world, new concepts are made with time and the needfor them. Language is a wonderful thing that we all use and changeourselves to our own suits and needs.