Data Science and Predictive Analytics †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Data Science and Predictive Analytics. Answer: Presentation Organizations are shaped for various purposes which remember the arrangement of specific items for trade for incomes. Firms, along these lines, need to build up the vital system that will guarantee that the results of the organization can arrive at the objective market. Gracefully chain and coordinations the board allude to a framework set up in the association to guarantee that the organization can flexibly the items and administrations to its clients (Barney, 2012, p.4). The flexibly chain the board includes sourcing for the crude material, preparing, transportation, warehousing, bundling and taking care of and arrange plan which much of the time helps in dispersion of the items to the objective clients. This report is composed to represent the incorporated gracefully chain and coordinations the board in associations, and Sphinx Australia Company will be utilized. Sphinx Australia is an organization situated in Australia and in the apparel business. The firm was framed in 1984 to configuration, produce and disseminate dress to a wide scope of clients which involve men, ladies and kids. The organization represents considerable authority in denim, shirts, barrier attire, pullovers and crisis garments (Sphinx, 2013). The organization can fabricate garments locally and even in abroad in light of the fact that it can offer the required quality garments. The organization's processing plants are outfitted with the best in class machines that help the firm to fabricate and bundle the items so as to satisfy the ever-changing needs of the objective market. The organization hotspots for the quality crude materials or even materials that will prompt the creation of value items that fulfill the preferences and inclinations of the clients. Flexibly chain and coordinations in the association. Flexibly chain and coordinations the board in associations is isolated into a few divisions which are going by specialists or directors with the required capabilities. The zones incorporate; Sphinx Australia buys crude materials from different providers in the nation. The organization picks the necessary provider who will gracefully the correct quality materials as indicated by the details of the clients. The determination of the provider additionally relies upon the unwavering quality of the provider, the assets of the provider and even the expenses related with the provider (Georghiou et al.2014, p.7). On the off chance that the organization will make the required garments, the organization picks an alternate provider who is unique in relation to one required if the organization was to buy instant garments. In the wake of sourcing the required material from the correct provider, the materials are taken to the manufacturing plants for preparing. The processing plant chief ought to guarantee that the organization produces the ideal nature of garments that will fulfill the necessities of the clients and position the brand of the organization in a place that will empower it to contend successfully with the contenders (Acin et al.2012, p.1349). The organization guarantees that the gear in the production line are working productively to limit wastage of crude materials. This will help in limiting creation costs. The organization likewise guarantees the manufacturing plants produce the required amount of items to maintain a strategic distance from the lack of items which drives misfortunes and loss of generosity and notoriety of the organization. The bundling of the items is done after they have been made by the processing plants. The bundling and treatment of the items is done physically in light of the fact that the organization has the necessary labor to play out the assignments adequately. The garments are gathered in marked packs that empower the clients to recognize the items from those of contenders (Wikstrm et al.2014, p.105). Items being sent out abroad are bundled distinctively on the grounds that they need additional consideration when taking care of them with the goal that they can arrive at the necessary goal in great condition. Treatment of the items when stacking them into vehicles is additionally done physically with the assistance of machines that make the procedure simple. Warehousing includes putting away the garments in stores fully expecting future interest. The garments in the wake of being pressed are taken to the stockrooms for capacity. The stockrooms are situated in various urban areas and towns in Australia to make dispersion a lot simpler. Warehousing causes the organization not to bring about misfortunes that are related with coming up short on stock (Garca et al.2014, p.65). In the distribution center, stock taking is done before the items are put away. This assists with limiting robbery of the items and furthermore to follow moderate moving items. The distribution centers have enough security as they are intensely monitored by private security organizations. The organization encourages development of the crude material from the providers to the industrial facilities. A few providers who offer after deal administrations help the organization from such vehicle costs (Ji et al.2014, p.216). Development of the completed items from the processing plants to the distribution centers is finished by the organization trucks. The organization likewise guarantees that the items move from the distribution centers to the retail locations where the clients can get to the items without any problem. The organization recruits trucks to move its items to the neighboring nations in light of the fact that redistributing such administrations is less expensive. The organization additionally offers after deal benefits by moving the clients items to their discount or retail locations. If there should be an occurrence of altered garments that should be moved abroad and trucks can't be utilized, the organization utilizes planes, yet the expense of transportation i s acquired by the clients. System configuration alludes to the working structure of the organization and it aides and aides in the administration of the firm. The system configuration decides how effective the business will be. The system includes obtainment, preparing, and fabricating, warehousing, transportation, promoting and financing of the firm (Farahani et al.2014, p.99). Sphinx Australia has a few providers who give supplies at whatever point required. The organization chooses the provider who will help give crude material that will prompt the creation of items that fulfill the necessities of the organization. The organization obtains material locally and abroad relying upon the requests of the clients. The system additionally has effective assembling plants that are well prepared to empower the organization produces quality items. Government is additionally part of the system. The organization guarantees that it agrees to the established government guidelines, for example, installment of expenses, res toring working licenses and condition preservation strategies The system structure of the organization likewise has a few distribution centers that empower the organization to store the made items. This empowers the organization to stock enough stock that will empower them to withstand hard creation times because of a few factors, for example, expansion (Colledani et al.2014, p.786). The system likewise has transport implies that empower it to disperse items from the assembling plants to the distribution centers and from stockrooms to the retail locations which are found everywhere throughout the nation. The system configuration additionally has showcasing area that empowers the organization's items to be known by clients and potential clients (Jacobs et al.2014, p.534). The showcasing includes media publicizing, print media promoting, advancements and advertising. These exercises empower the organization to create high incomes. The fund area likewise shapes the system plan. This empowers the organization to productively deal with the assets of the organization and furthermore recognizing wellsprings of fund. The fund segment is the heartbeat of the system as all the segments need to liaise with it. For productive tasks, the segments of the framework should cooperate. The segment is additionally answerable for checking the expenses of the organization. Suggestions To improve the presentation and upper hand of the organization, sphinx Australia Company need to begin rehearsing the accompanying suggestions in every one of the given territories; Sphinx Australia needs to begin requesting materials utilizing monetary request amount (EOQ). This technique will assist the organization with saving on costs that are related with critical acquirement of materials (Chung and Crdenas-Barrn, 2012, p.2153). The framework will likewise enable the organization to stay away from costs related with visit requesting of crude materials. Such practices will likewise empower the organization to save money on capacity costs that are brought about because of putting away high measures of crude materials in the stockrooms and have opportunity of charging low costs which improves the upper hand. Sphinx Australia ought to likewise rehearse single sourcing strategy for obtaining crude materials to choose the confided in providers who will convey the normal amount and nature of materials. This will empower the organization to keep up the great picture of the brand. The organization ought to likewise build up a system with the providers, for example, extranet that will empower correspondence and stream of data to be simple (Friedl and Wagner, 2012, p.3079). This will streamline the way toward putting orders and guarantee in time conveyance of the materials. The organization ought to likewise secure materials from providers with great notoriety and generosity who will assist the organization with maintaining the great picture. The organization should likewise choose providers who practice natural supportability to preserve the earth and this will improve the upper hand of the firm Assembling suggestions The organization ought to have a coordinated arrangement of activity which will empower the obtainment office to cooperate with different divisions. The framework will empower the money to follow the degree of stock in the distribution centers to decide whether the stock will fulfill the normal need (Shao et al.2012, p.2409). This will empower the acquisition office to arrange material so as to stay away from the deficiency of stock which can prompt misfortunes. The organization ought to energize development in the preparing plants which will guarantee that there is insignificant wastage of the crude materials during the assembling procedure

Neonatal Nursing

Nursery/Neonatal Nurse Chamberlain College of Nursing Nursery Nursing A Nursery Nurse is an attendant who gives clinical consideration to babies and newborn children. In spite of the fact that they for the most part work in medical clinic nurseries, some work in outpatient care focuses or private habitations, giving in-home consideration to wiped out babies. Nursery attendants can likewise be classified as neonatal (infant) or pediatric medical attendants, contingent upon the age bunch they serve.Nursery Nurses may have an alternate title however perform a significant number of indistinguishable obligations from RNs and LPNs, including: managing medicines, drugs, tests, and techniques, helping doctors, making or refreshing patient consideration plans, keeping up tolerant records and different obligations yet this all relies upon the nursery level in which they work. I might want to be a nursery/neonatal medical caretaker since I love working with babies, I need to be tested in my voc ation, and I need to have a fulfilling/effective calling. I couldn't imagine anything better than to turn into a Nursery/neonatal nurse.I love infants, they are little beloved newborns and I can be trusted to think about them. It’s not a simple occupation as certain individuals would think. Not all children come out â€Å"healthy† some are brought into the world with deformities and need unique consideration and that’s where we come in. Before this class I just realized I needed to be a medical attendant yet I was lost with discovering which nursing job was for me. I experienced six diverse attendant titles and I accept this one suits me the best. Since I realize what sort of attendant I need to be I can ensure I’m taking quite a few classes and working harder to turn into a nursery nurse.Becoming a Nursery Nurse takes preparing, experience and training. You would require working information on wellbeing and security, great relational abilities, capacity to work with a group, NNEB, CACHE level 3, NVQ level 2/3 or proportional, past experience working inside a comparable domain and somewhat more. You need to ask yourself am I physical, enthusiastic and profound arranged to think about kids, would i be able to divert them during horrendous methods. I have asked myself these inquiries and I am prepared to think about others children.As I have said before this job isn't simple and it will provoke me to turn into an incredible Nursery Nurse to take extraordinary consideration of infants. Further developed jobs will as a rule require extra preparing as well as understanding. There is an association called NHS utilizing associations that may offer help to nursery colleagues and nursery medical attendants, moving in the direction of pertinent capabilities. Turning into a Nursery Nurse is remunerating in light of the fact that thinking about that infants don’t talk, their non-verbal signs should be decoded by nursing experts. To me th is is a significant expertise provided that we don’t comprehend what the infants need we can’t deal with them.They can distinguish and decipher signs babies show, on account of adjustments in their wellbeing, and appropriate consideration can be conveyed and imparted to relatives. Comprehension of the youngster's agony or different practices can be transmitted to the relatives. I can envision how these medical caretakers feel realizing that they’re making the children sound and upbeat. Nursery nursing care is an interactional procedure of three channels: it includes communications between the expert/infant and expert/infant and family (Pinheiro EM, Siiva MJP, Angelo A, Ribeiro CA). In spite of the fact that the work is relentless as indicated by payscale. om (2010) â€Å"the normal pay with a propelled degree is $80,000†. It couldn’t show signs of improvement when you love going to work each day and getting paid a decent measure of cash while doing it. Nursing is an extraordinary profession to put resources into on the off chance that you love helping individuals. I love helping individuals yet I would like to work with babies since they are vulnerable and need individuals like me who are devoted to just them. I will remain in school and get the best training I can to progress in my vocation. I feel this calling will satisfy my fantasies and I will have a compensating career.References Caleeda (2007). Nursery nurture. From http://www. caleeda. co. uk/page24/page32/page32. html Crown copyright. NURSERY NURSE AND NURSERY ASISTANT. (2006) http://www. nhscareers. nhs. uk/investigate via vocation/more extensive medicinal services group/professions in-the-more extensive social insurance group/corporate-administrations/nursery-nursenursery-associate/Pinheiro, E. , Silva, M. , Angelo, M. , ; Ribeiro, C. (2008). The significance of association between nursing experts and infants/families in an emergency clinic setting. Revista Latino- Americana De Enfermagem (RLAE), 16(6), 1012-1018. .

The seed of honesty

The seed of honesty A successful business man was growing old and knew it was time to choose a successor to take over the business.Instead of choosing one of his Directors or his children, he decided to do something different. He called all the young executives in his company together.He said, It is time for me to step down and choose the next CEO. I have decided to choose one of you. The young executives were shocked, but the boss continued. I am going to give each one of you a SEED today one very special SEED.  I want you to plant the seed, water it, and come back here one year from today with what you have grown from the seed I have given you.  I will then judge the plants that you bring, and the one I choose will be the next CEO.One man, named Jim, was there that day and he, like the others, received a seed. He went home and excitedly, told his wife the story. She helped him get a pot, soil and compost and he planted the seed.Everyday, he would water it and watch to see if it had grown. After abou t three weeks, some of the other executives began to talk about their seeds and the plants that were beginning to grow.Jim kept checking his seed, but nothing ever grew.  Three weeks, four weeks, five weeks went by, still nothing.  By now, others were talking about their plants, but Jim didnt have a plant and he felt like a failure.Six months went by still nothing in Jims pot. He just knew he had killed his seed. Everyone else had trees and tall plants, but he had nothing. Jim didnt say anything to his colleagues, however He just kept watering and fertilizing the soil He so wanted the seed to grow.A year finally went by and all the young executives of the company brought their plants to the CEO for inspection.Jim told his wife that he wasnt going to take an empty pot.  But she asked him to be honest about what happened. Jim felt sick to his stomach, it was going to be the most embarrassing moment of his life, but he knew his wife was right.He took his empty pot to the board room. When Jim arrived, he was amazed at the variety of plants grown by the other executives. They were beautiful in all shapes and sizes.Jim put his empty pot on the floor and  many of his colleagues laughed, a few felt sorry for him!When the CEO arrived, he surveyed the room and greeted his young executives.Jim just tried to hide in the back. My, what great plants, trees, and flowers you have grown, said the CEO. Today one of you will be appointed the next CEO!All of a sudden, the CEO spotted Jim at the back of the room with his empty pot. He ordered the Financial Director to bring him to the front.Jim was terrified. He thought, The CEO knows Im a failure! Maybe he will have me fired!When Jim got to the front, the CEO asked him what had happened to his seed Jim told him the story.The CEO asked everyone to sit down except Jim. He looked at Jim, and then announced to the young executives, Behold your next Chief Executive Officer! His name is Jim!Jim couldnt believe it. Jim couldnt even grow his seed.How could he be the new CEO? the others said.Then the CEO said, One year ago today, I gave everyone in this room a seed.  I told you to take the seed, plant it, water it, and bring it back to me today. But I gave you all boiled seeds; they were dead it was not possible for them to grow.  All of you, except Jim, have brought me trees and plants and flowers. When you found that the seed would not grow, you substituted another seed for the one I gave you.  Jim was the only one with the courage and honesty to bring me a pot with my seed in it. Therefore, he is the one who will be the new Chief Executive Officer!* If you plant honesty, you will reap trust. * If you plant goodness, you will reap friends. * If you plant humility, you will reap greatness. * If you plant perseverance, you will reap contentment. * If you plant consideration, you will reap perspective. * If you plant hard work, you will reap success. * If you plant forgiveness, you will reap reconciliation . * If you plant faith in God , you will reap a harvest.So, be careful what you plant now;  it will determine what you will reap later..Whatever You Give To Life, Life Gives You BackAuthor Unknown Story was submitted by visitor Madhukar

Definition and Examples of Reduplicatives in English

A reduplicative is a word or lexeme (such as mama) that contains two identical or very similar parts. Words such as these are also called  tautonyms.  The morphological and phonological process of forming a compound word by repeating all or part of it is known as reduplication. The repeated element is called a reduplicant. David Crystal wrote in the second edition of The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language: Items with identical spoken constituents, such as  goody-goody  and  din-din, are rare. What is normal is for a single  vowel  or  consonant  to change between the first constituent and the second, such as  see-saw  and  walkie-talkie.Reduplicatives are used in a variety of ways. Some simply imitate sounds:  ding-dong, bow-wow. Some suggest alternative movements:  flip-flop, ping-pong. Some are disparaging:  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹dilly-dally, wishy-washy. And some intensify meaning:  teeny-weeny, tip-top. Reduplication is not a major means of creating lexemes in English, but it is perhaps the most unusual one.(Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003) Characteristics Reduplicatives can rhyme  but arent required to. They likely have a  figure of sound  represented in them, as alliteration (repetition of consonants) and assonance (repetition of vowel sounds) would be common in a word or phrase that doesnt change much among its parts, such as in this by Patrick B. Oliphant, Correct me if Im wrong: the gizmo is connected to the flingflang connected to the watzis, watzis connected to the doo-dad connected to the ding dong.† According to Gift of the Gob: Morsels of English Language History by Kate Burridge: The majority of...reduplicated forms involve a play on the rhyme of words. The result can be a combination of two existing words, like  flower-power  and  culture-vulture, but more usually one of the elements is meaningless, as in  superduper, or both, as in  namby-pamby. Now, it struck me the other day that a large number of these nonsense jingles begin with h. Think of  hoity-toity, higgledy-piggledy, hanky-panky, hokey-pokey, hob-nob, heebie-jeebies, hocus-pocus, hugger-mugger, hurly-burly, hodge-podge, hurdy-gurdy, hubbub, hullabaloo,  harumscarum, helter-skelter, hurry-scurry, hooley-dooley  and dont forget  Humpty Dumpty. And these are just a few!(HarperCollins Australia, 2011) Reduplicatives differ from  echo words in that there are fewer rules in forming reduplicatives. Borrowed Reduplicatives The history of reduplicatives in English starts in the Early Modern English (EMnE) era, which was about the end of the 15th century. In the third edition of A Biography of the English Language,  C.M. Millward and Mary Hayes noted:   Reduplicated words do not appear at all until the EMnE period. When they do appear, they are usually direct borrowings from some other language, such as Portuguese dodo (1628), Spanish grugru (1796) and motmot (1651), French haha ditch (1712), and Maori kaka (1774). Even the nursery words mama and papa were borrowed from French in the 17th century. So-so is probably the sole native formation from the EMnE period; it is first recorded in 1530.(Wadsworth, 2012) Morphological and Phonological Sharon Inkelas wrote in Studies on Reduplication that there are two separate methods, producing two different types or subsets of reduplication: phonological duplication and morphological reduplication. Below we list some criteria for determining when a copying effect is reduplication and when it is phonological duplication. (1) Phonological duplication serves a phonological purpose; morphological reduplication serves a morphological process (either by being a word-formation process itself or by enabling another word-formation process to take place...).(2) Phonological duplication involves a single phonological segment...; morphological reduplication involves an entire morphological constituent (affix, root, stem, word), potentially truncated to a prosodic constituent (mora, syllable, foot).(3) Phonological duplication involves, by definition, phonological identity, while morphological reduplication involves semantic, not necessarily phonological, identity.(4) Phonological duplication is local (a copied consonant is a copy of the closest consonant, for example), while morphological reduplication is not necessarily local.​  (Morphological Doubling Theory: Evidence for Morphological Doubling in Reduplication. ed. by Bernhard Hurch. Walter de Gruyter, 2005)

At the Minds Limit by Jean Amery Book Report - 2302 Words

Joseph Chaput Book Report I At The Mind’s Limit: Contemplations by a Survivor on Auschwitz and its Realities By Jean Amery â€Å"At The Mind’s Limit† is a series of essays written by Jean Amery, a German born Jew who survived the holocaust, who gives the reader a very interesting perspective into the mind of a persecuted Jew from 1935 forward. Amery does not consider himself a religious Jew or one who follows any Jewish traditions. In fact, he did not know that Yiddish was a language until he was 18. So Amery describes the events leading up to and following the holocaust through the eyes of an â€Å"intellectual† and tries to find out whether being an â€Å"intellectual† helped or hindered his mental and spiritual capacity as he experienced†¦show more content†¦It was challenging to try to find security in being a part of the Jewish community when there was not only the fear of persecution but also sometimes a lack of enthusiasm for other Jews to try and come together when they were faced with their own problems. These people who were not only cast o ut of their homeland, but also had to hide their cultural background in order to survive, truly know what it means to be homeless. They were not well received in the countries they immigrated to neither by native Jews nor non-Jews. They did not feel help from anyone in the world and therefore felt no sense of security. Amery says that â€Å"Genuine homesickness† was when he looked back at his life before any of this had happened and felt self-contempt and his hatred for his loss of self. These emotions are intensified when â€Å"Traditional homesickness† or nostalgia for the way things were kicks in, causing Amery to hate himself more for wanted to be back in the land that turned against him. He goes on to claim that people need a sense of home, and that without a sense of home people age very poorly. He says that young men are always seeing themselves as men of the future, while old men see themselves as what they were in the past. One grows with his â€Å"home † and needs that growth in order to look back on his life and be satisfied with being a man of the past. The fifth section, Resentment, discusses

White body, wheels shining, dust flying Free Essays

White body, wheels shining, dust flying. This is how it began. Sam Blake’s new top of the range saloon pulls into Lunpona, he can see it now, tall factories, noisy equipment and more money then he dared think of. We will write a custom essay sample on White body, wheels shining, dust flying or any similar topic only for you Order Now Only something stood in his way, the people of this dirty, foul, black tribe village. Far removed from his civilized western world these people lived in near squalor. He thought back to his wife and children in their palatial manor house on the outskirts of the city, if he could get this over with quick enough he would be back there inside a week. This was ingenious; instead of importing the wood for his highly successful furniture business he would ‘harvest’ natures already plentiful supply. His aim was to speak to the village elder or some such person, he wasn’t all too familiar with this bizarre black man hierarchy obsession. He wanted these village people to become his employees – they would do his dirty work, dirty work for these dirty black bastards, they would cut down the trees, prime them, sort them, and ship them to him, and all for a pittance, it couldn’t fail. There was a crowd already waiting they’d seen him across the plane some time ago. He stepped out of his car, his brand new, shoes messing themselves in the mud that was the yet to be converted base for his idea. He took a cigar from his holder, his movements smooth and graceful. A host of small children had already gathered by his car, inspecting every nook. A tall, old man, with a wizened face, and mysterious eyes approached, before he could speak, Sam launched into his much practiced speech; â€Å"Sam Blake, of Blake and Associate.† He says gruffly. â€Å"Welcome to Lunpona mate,† said the Aboriginal, â€Å"what business brings ya here Sam?† â€Å"Very important business, business that could make a village like yours quite rich. Providing you don’t mind a bit of change.† â€Å"Yeah? That so is it bud?† The old mans eyes gaze over Sam, probing him, seeing into him. The chief turns and says something in his native tongue, the crowd parts and goes back to their business. Sam is led into a humpy (shack like building) at the head of the village. As they pass through the village, they walk over a rickety old wooden bridge. Bright roughly drawn, markings adorn it, it seems steeped in spiritual history. Sam is offered a seat, they sit down to talk, an open fire to their right blazes away, some form of native coffee or some such drink is brought by a good looking aboriginal girl, tall and slender, deep black eyes, full lips, and a mat of thick, black, long hair. Blackness forms a harmony of beauty. They talk solidly for a couple of hours, until Basra (the chief) rose. â€Å"Wait here.† He said as he turned and walked out. Soon he returned, the look on his face said it all. â€Å"I’m sorry Mr. Blake, my people, they do not see sense in your deal.† â€Å"What! You must be kidding me you stupid old black prick! You go and tell them again. This will go ahead whether they like it or not. You idiotic wogs should learn some sense† â€Å"How dare you? Get out of my bloody village now, you ignorant bastard!† With this Sam pulled out his gun, he always brought it with him when he came to places like this, he never did trust these types of people. Before he could think in his enraged state, he pointed the gun straight to the man’s chest and loosed a bullet. With a deafening noise the bullet left the gun, and hit the man in the right side of his chest, he was knocked to the ground. As he struggled for breath, he spoke these words that cut through Sam like a razor blade; â€Å"You do not realize the full impact of your actions, ignorant white men such as you are careless and have no regard. A curse upon you and your operations after my death. Be gone with you.† With this his eyes closed and he drew his terminal breath. Sam’s rage turned to perfect fear. By now people were arriving from all over the village, he ran. He ran faster then he had ever before, he could feel something pursuing him, not human, not physical. He ran to his car, and fled. On his way back he was shaken, scared, and tired. He stopped off at a hotel, and booked in for the night. Too tired to go for a drink he went straight to bed. All night he tossed and turned, his dreams were plagued by visions of woodarchis. Visions of his own death. He didn’t get much sleep that night, tossing, turning, waking every hour or so. In the morning he woke up, washed, and decided to go for his breakfast. As he slipped on his shoe, the mud was still there, clinging, a reminder of the brutality. He took his other shoe in his hands, n tried in vein to brush off the mud. It was useless, something told him he wasn’t going to forget this. Just as he was about to put his shoe on he heard the last words of Basra, the curse. All of a sudden he felt a pang on pain in his foot, he’d been bitten, he looked down, it was a black widow spider, she crawled from his shoe and up his trouser leg, twice more inflicting her deadly poison. He knew that a bite from such a spider was fatal, but three in quick succession would have you dead inside 20 minutes. Thoughts rushed through his head, where was he? The nearest hospital was 60km away at best, unless the hotel had any antidotes he was in trouble. After get over the initial pain he tried to get up and walk. But he couldn’t his leg was swelling and the pain immense. He reached for his phone, and as he dialed the battery failed on him. He could hear the curse again, as if carried on the wind. He cried out for help in desperation. But nobody came. He was slipping in and out of consciousness. He looked at his watch, it was 45 minutes since he’d been bitten. He slipped out of consciousness for the last time. As if by some supernatural force the old mans voice echoed through his head; â€Å"Samuel Blake,† it said, â€Å"you are suffering, not vengeance for my death alone, oh no, but for all the of the wrongs white man has done black man. Your corporate enterprises, and your money-making schemes don’t belong in the bush. Keep them to your cities. Have your suburbia and be happy. You keep your ‘civilized’ lives, and we’ll keep out ancestral traditions. May you learn a lesson with your life.† With this he passed. A lesson indeed learnt. And financed by his own life. How to cite White body, wheels shining, dust flying, Papers

Principles of Modern Finance Sample Midterm Essay Example Essay Example

Principles of Modern Finance Sample Midterm Essay Example Paper Principles of Modern Finance Sample Midterm Essay Introduction Principles of Modern Finance Spring 2013 Sample Midterm February 22, 2012 Instructions †¢ You have 1 hour and 40 minutes. †¢ The exam is out of 25 points. †¢ There are 22 multiple-choice questions. 19 questions are worth one point, 3 questions are worth two points and are marked as such. †¢ If you get stuck, move on and come back later. 1 1. A stock is expected to pay a dividend of $10 next year, and this dividend is expected to grow by 5% each year thereafter. What should the price of the stock be if instruments of similar risk are paying 12%? (a) $83. 33 (b) $142. 86 (c) $150 (d) $200 2. A project has the following cash? ows: Year 0 1 2 Cash? w +12000? 7080? 6654 The IRR of these cash? ows is 9%. Assets of similar risk pay 5%. Should you accept this project? (a) Yes (b) No 3. I am considering buying a Greek government bond that promises to pay $1210 in two years’ time. However, there is a possibility that the Greek government will default between now and the promised payment. If the government does default, the bond will only pay $500. The probability of default is 0. 5. What should the price of the bond be if instruments of similar risk are paying 10%? (a) $1000 (b) $706. 62 (c) $413. 22 (d) $303. 68 4. I am enrolled in a 2-year MBA program, and have just started classes. To pay the tuition and living expenses, I borrow $50,000 per year (paid at the start of the year). The interest rate on the loan is 5%. I am certain to get a job at the end of the two years of study. That job will be guaranteed for ten years (from the date I start work), at a constant salary which will be paid at the end of each year of work. There are no taxes. I estimate that I will be able to save 1/4 of my income, whatever my income is. What is the minimum salary the job must have to allow me to pay o? my loans within ten years? (2pts) 2 (a) $43,050 (b) $50,000 (c) $55,752 (d) $61,339 5. A credit card company o? rs me a card with 20% APR, compounded daily. I m ake purchases of $3,000 on the card, and allow interest to accrue on those purchases for a year. Assuming each year has 365 days, the amount I will have to pay back is: (a) $3,315 (b) $3,600 (c) $3,664 (d) $3,901. 30 Answer the next two questions with reference to this information: Analysts argue that two things can happen over the next year: the economy can continue as it is or it can go into recession. The returns of two stocks: General Electric (GE) and Cisco (CSCO) in each possible state are given below: State Return on GE Continue as-is 15 Recession? 5 Return on CSCO 5 -1 The analysts estimate the probability of continuing as-is to be 0. 8 , and the probability of a recession to be 0. 2. 6. What is the expected return on a portfolio which is 120% in GE and? 20% in CSCO? (a) 10. 04% (b) 8% (c) 2. 55% (d) 0% 7. What is the variance of CSCO? (a) 1. 96%2 (b) 5. 76%2 (c) 13%2 (d) 23. 04%2 3 8. Alice can get a one-year loan at 5% at her bank, while no bank is willing to give Brad a o ne-year loan for less than 10%. Brad has just had surgery, and must pay the hospital $10,000 immediately, but he has no money today, though he will have money in one year. So Alice o? rs Brad a proposal: she will borrow $10,000 from her bank for one year on her own account, and Brad will repay this loan. In addition, he will pay Alice a sum of money today. What is the maximum amount that Brad should be willing to pay Alice up-front under this arrangement? Alice is not willing to consider borrowing more than $10,000. (2pts) (a) $454. 54 (b) $377. 18 (c) $476. 19 (d) $500 9. The risk-free interest rate today is 7%. One year ago, you bought an asset which is risk-free and would pay $100 two years from the date of purchase. The risk-free interest rate on the date of purchase was 10%. You sell the asset today. Principles of Modern Finance Sample Midterm Essay Body Paragraphs What is the rate of return (HPR) that you made? (a) 13% (b) 10% (c) 7% (d) 15% 10. The correlation between Alcoa (AA) and American Express (AXP) is 0. 3. You want to form a portfolio, investing 50% in each stock. What is the variance of your portfolio’s return? You have the following information: AA AXP 10 12 8 16 Expected return Standard deviation of return (a) 85. 76%2 (b) 99. 2%2 (c) 121%2 (d) 144%2 11. If you can get an 8% return (annual e? ective) on a ten year CD from your local bank, would it be wise to invest in a 10 year bond which promises to make a single payment of $1000 at the end of its life? Assume both are equally risky). This bond costs $475 now and will pay $1000 in ten years. 4 (a) Yes, the bond is better. (b) No, the bond is worse. (c) Can’t tell from information given 12. You are given the following information about portfolios of two risky assets, A and B: Weight in A Weight in B Std. dev. of portfolio 0 1 12 0. 5 0. 5 14 1 0 16 What is the covaria nce between A and B? (a) 192%2 (b) 168%2 (c) 224%2 (d) Cannot be determined 13. A? rm in a well-functioning capital market has the following projects available. The risk-free rate is 10%. Which should it invest in? NPV IRR X 10 15% Y 0. 3% Z -5 22% OCC 22% 5% 6% (a) X only (b) Z only (c) X and Y (d) X and Z (e) All three 5 14. You are considering investing in a bond. This bond costs $300 now and pays $550 in ten years. What is the IRR of this investment? (a) 1. 06% (b) 6. 25% (c) 8. 33% (d) 9. 01% Answer the next two questions using the following information: A project has the following expected cash? ows. Year 0 1 2 Expected cash? ow? 370 814? 447. 7 The IRR of these cash? ows is 10%. 15. Which of the NPV functions on the following page best describes this project? (2pts) (a) Graph A (b) Graph B (c) Graph C (d) Graph D 16. Given your answer to the previous question, what is the range of discount rates for which you should accept this project? (a) 10% only (b) Greater than 10% (c) L ess than 10% (d) Always accept, except at 10% (e) Always reject 6 NPV NPV 10% Discount rate 10% Discount rate Graph A Graph B NPV NPV 10% Discount rate 10% Discount rate Graph C Graph D 7 Answer the next six questions using the following information: Boeing is a very pro? table aeroplane manufacturer. It is considering building a facility to manufacture 747s on 10,000 acres in the Nevada desert. It is not considering any other sites. To encourage Boeing to set up the facility, the local chamber of commerce has bought the land and has o? ered to rent it to Boeing at a rent of zero dollars per year. Assume that this â€Å"gift† has no tax implications for Boeing. If Boeing were to try to rent the land in the open market, the rent would be $1,500 per acre per year, payable at the end of each year. Building the factory will cost Boeing $800M (800 million dollars), of which $200M is payable today and $600M will be need to be paid as soon as the factory begins production. It will t ake one year to build the factory and start production. The IRS says that the $800M cost can be depreciated (straight-line to zero) over the? rst twenty years in which the factory produces aeroplanes. However, Boeing expects that the demand for the 747 will eventually dry up, and so they plan to scrap the plant after the? rst ten years of production. They expect the scrap will be sold for $100M. Boeing expects the facility to produce and sell three Boeing 747 aeroplanes a year, with the? rst batch ready by the end of year 2. Raw materials cost $100M per plane, and labour costs will be $120M a year. Labour costs will be paid at the end of the year in which they are incurred. Raw material will be paid for one year late (i. e. , raw material costs incurred in year 2 will be paid at the end of year 3). Sales will be paid for two years late. Inventory is always 0. The price Boeing will receive for each plane is uncertain. It might be as high as $500M, or as low as $200M. Most likely, the price will be $400M. On average, the price they expect to receive is $350M. Boeing’s corporate o? ce is located in Chicago. Currently the CEO and his sta? make 120? ights a year in the corporate jet. Each? ight costs $200,000. If the Nevada facility is built, the CEO will have to make ten more? ghts a year, starting in the? rst year of production, with the cost per? ight being the same. The cost of the? ights is incurred at the end of year in which the? ights are made. The salary of the CEO will remain? xed at $12m per year. However, the corporate o? ce has decided to allocate $1m per year of this cost to the Nevada project, should it be built, starting at the end of year 2. This allocation has no tax implications. Boeing has another project which they wanted to start today. This project has a single after-tax cash in? ow of $20 million one year after it is started (and no other in? ws or out? ows). Building the factory in Nevada will occupy executive time, and mean that Boe ing will have to delay starting this project until the Nevada factory begins production. Taxes are expected to be 30%. The discount rate is 8%. 8 17. When calculating cash? ows for NPV, the revenue in the income statement at the end of each year of production will be (a) $600M (b) $1050M (c) $1200M (d) $1500M 18. The expected cash? ow the? rm obtains from scrapping the plant after ten years of production is (a) $70M (b) $90M (c) $100M (d) $190M (e) $280M 19. The cost that you will show in the income statement for each year of production will be: (a) $420M (b) $422M (c) $423M (d) $438M 20. What is the working capital at the end of the second year of production? (a)? $300M (b) $750M (c) $1050M (d) $1800M 21. What is your net cash? ow two years after the plant has stopped producing, that is, at the end of year 13? (a) $0 (b) $735M (c) $750M (d) $1050M (e) $1800M 9 22. The PV today of the opportunity cost from delaying the other project is: (a) $20M (b) $18. 52M (c) $17. 15M (d) $1. 37M 10 We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Modern Finance Sample Midterm Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Modern Finance Sample Midterm Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Modern Finance Sample Midterm Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Free Essays on Physhology

Psychology is the very important perspective for human nature. It is very much important for the individual environment. â€Å"Psychology is very much a product of the Western tradition. Whereas a new psychology of the year 2000 contains both the eastern as well as the Western tradition†(Frey,04/06). Psychologists call a person’s self concepts it includes what a person perceives from the person’s self-concept attitudes. It’s related to Psyche means the integrate part of human mind motion connected to those with bodily concepts. â€Å"It however reflects true relationship with the mind-body concept. ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL COGNITION addresses those domains of social behavior in which cognition plays a major role, including the interface of cognition with overt behavior, affect, and motivation.†(Primis,119). Major perspectives in psychology at this point includes psychoanalysis, humanism and sociobiology. Now, what’s the concept of psychoanalysis is also a very important perspective. â€Å"As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior.†(Frey,04/06). â€Å"It is, in addition, a method for learning about the mind, and also a theory, a way of understanding the processes of normal everyday mental functioning and the stages of normal development from infancy to old age.†(psychology.com). â€Å"Furthermore, since psychoanalysis seeks to explain how the human mind works, it contributes insight into whatever the human mind produces.†(apa.org) Sigmund Freud was the first psychoanalyst.†Many of his insights into the human mind, which seemed so revolutionary at the turn of the century, are now widely accepted by most schools of psychological thought. Although others before and during his time had begun to recognize the role of unconscious mental activity, †Freud was the preeminent pioneer in understanding its importance. Although his i... Free Essays on Physhology Free Essays on Physhology Psychology is the very important perspective for human nature. It is very much important for the individual environment. â€Å"Psychology is very much a product of the Western tradition. Whereas a new psychology of the year 2000 contains both the eastern as well as the Western tradition†(Frey,04/06). Psychologists call a person’s self concepts it includes what a person perceives from the person’s self-concept attitudes. It’s related to Psyche means the integrate part of human mind motion connected to those with bodily concepts. â€Å"It however reflects true relationship with the mind-body concept. ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL COGNITION addresses those domains of social behavior in which cognition plays a major role, including the interface of cognition with overt behavior, affect, and motivation.†(Primis,119). Major perspectives in psychology at this point includes psychoanalysis, humanism and sociobiology. Now, what’s the concept of psychoanalysis is also a very important perspective. â€Å"As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior.†(Frey,04/06). â€Å"It is, in addition, a method for learning about the mind, and also a theory, a way of understanding the processes of normal everyday mental functioning and the stages of normal development from infancy to old age.†(psychology.com). â€Å"Furthermore, since psychoanalysis seeks to explain how the human mind works, it contributes insight into whatever the human mind produces.†(apa.org) Sigmund Freud was the first psychoanalyst.†Many of his insights into the human mind, which seemed so revolutionary at the turn of the century, are now widely accepted by most schools of psychological thought. Although others before and during his time had begun to recognize the role of unconscious mental activity, †Freud was the preeminent pioneer in understanding its importance. Although his i...

About the Charles-de-Gaulle Airport Terminal Collapse

About the Charles-de-Gaulle Airport Terminal Collapse A huge chunk of Terminal 2E at the Charles-de-Gaulle Airport came crashing down in the early morning of May 23, 2004. The shocking event killed several people at the busiest airport in France, about 15 miles northeast of Paris. When a structure fails on its own accord, the event may be more frightening than a terrorist attack. Why did this structure fail in less than a year after opening? The 450-meter long terminal building is an elliptical tube constructed of concrete rings. French architect Paul Andreu, who also designed the French terminal for the English Channel Tunnel, drew upon principles of tunnel construction for the airport terminal building. Many people praised the futuristic structure at Terminal 2, calling it both beautiful and practical. Since there were no internal roof supports, passengers could move easily through the terminal. Some engineers say that the terminals tunnel shape may have been a factor in the collapse. Buildings with no internal supports must rely entirely on the outer shell. However, investigators quickly pointed out that it is the role of engineers to assure the safety of an architects designs. Leslie Robertson, a chief engineer of the original twin towers at the World Trade Center, told the New York Times that when problems occur, its usually in the interface between architects, engineers, and contractors. Reasons for Collapse The collapse of a 110 foot section killed four people, injured three others, and left a 50 by 30 meter hole in the tubular design. Was the fatal collapse caused by design flaws or oversights in construction? The official investigation report clearly said both. A part of Terminal 2 failed for two reasons: Process Failure: A lack of detailed analysis and inadequate design checking allowed construction of a poorly engineered structure. Structural Engineering Failure: A number of design flaws were not caught during construction, including (1) a lack of redundant supports; (2) poorly placed reinforcing steel; (3) weak outer steel struts; (4) weak concrete support beams; and (5) low resistance to temperature. After the investigation and careful disassembling, the structure was rebuilt with a metal framework built upon the existing foundation. It reopened in the spring of 2008. Lessons Learned How does a collapsed building in one country affect construction in another country? Architects have become increasingly aware that complicated designs using space-age materials require the watchful oversight of many professionals. Architects, engineers, and contractors have to be working from the same game plan and not copies. In other words, writes New York Times reporter Christopher Hawthorne, it is in translating the design from one office to the next that mistakes are amplified and become deadly. The collapse of Terminal 2E was a wake-up call for many firms to use file-sharing software such as BIM. At the time of the disaster in France, a multi-billion dollar construction project was underway in northern Virginia - a new train line from Washington, D.C. to Dulles International Airport. The subway tunnel was designed similarly to Paul Andreus Paris airport. Could the D.C. Metro Silver Line be doomed to disaster? A study prepared for U.S. Senator John Warner of Virginia noted a major difference between the two structures: The subway station, simply put, is a circular tube with air flowing down the middle of it. This hollow tube can be contrasted to Terminal 2E, which was a circular tube with air flowing outside of it. The outer casing of Terminal 2E was subjected to great temperature changes causing the outer steel to expand and contract. The study concluded that a complete design analysis would have predicted all structural deficiencies within the Paris airport. In essence, the collapse of Charles-de-Gaulle Airport Terminal was preventable and unnecessary had oversight been in place. About Architect Paul Andreu French architect Paul Andreu was born July 10, 1938 in Bordeaux. Like many professionals of his generation, Andreu was educated as an engineer at the École Polytechnique and as an architect at the prestigious fine arts Lycà ©e Louis-le-Grand. He has made a career of airport design, beginning with the  Charles-de-Gaulle (CDG) in the 1970s. From 1974 and throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Andreus architecture firm was commissioned to build terminal after terminal for the growing air traffic hub. The extension of Terminal 2E opened in the spring of 2003. For nearly forty years Andreu held commissions from the Aà ©roports de Paris, the operator of Paris airports. He was the Chief Architect for the building of the Charles-de-Gaulle before retiring in 2003. Andreu has been cited as shaping the face of aviation internationally with his high-profile airports in Shanghai, Abu Dhabi, Cairo, Brunei,  Manila, and Jakarta. Since the tragic collapse, he has also been cited as an example of architectural hubris. But Paul Andreu designed buildings other than airports, including the  Guangzhou Gymnasium in China, the Osaka Maritime Museum in Japan, and the Oriental Art Center in Shanghai. His architectural masterpiece may be the titanium and glass National Centre for the Performing Arts in Beijing - still standing, since July 2007. Sources The Architectural Blame Game by Christopher Hawthorne, The New York Times, May 27, 2004 Paris Air Terminal Collapse Report by Christian Horn, Architecture Week, architectureweek.com/2005/0427/news_1-1.html Investigation of Tysons Central 7 Rail Station - Case Study: Terminal 2E Roof Collapse, Prepared for Senator John Warner by Chance Kutac and Zachary Webb, Technical Office of Senator John Warner, November 22, 2006, pp. 9, 15 [PDF at www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/hart/333t/documents/FinalReport2_07.pdf accessed May 24, 2004] propos and architecture, Paul Andreu website, paul-andreu.com/ [accessed November 13, 2017] Paris airport collapse blamed on design by John Lichfield, Independent, February 15, 2005, independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/paris-airport-collapse-blamed-on-design-483590.html Terminal to reopen at Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris by Nicola Clark, The New York Times, March 28, 2008, nytimes.com/2008/03/28/world/europe/28iht-cdg.html Gordon, Alastair. Naked Airport: A Cultural History of the Worlds Most Revolutionary Structure. University of Chicago Press Pbk. Ed. / edition, University of Chicago Press, June 1, 2008.

Importance of effective crosscultural communication in international Essay

Importance of effective crosscultural communication in international business - Essay Example We discuss the various issues relating to the diverse workforce and how these influence international business and its effectiveness. As it is observed that the communication barrier is the most influencing in the cross-cultural businesses, its importance and the possible ways to address this aspect to improve the effectiveness of international business is identified and discussed prominently. Finally, the results of the study are discussed and the discussion is concluded with recommendations. There is a growing trend among multi-national companies to employ diverse workforce, diverse not only in the functional and technological skills they possess, but also from various ethnic, cultural and demographic backgrounds. It is observed that "successful businesses are depending more on effective globalization, which in turn depend on the diversity in workforce" (Toomey, 1999: 4). This is due to the fact that they recognize that a cross-cultural team with its unique abilities can be an asset to the business and that it can contribute to the process of problem-solving owing to its diverse nature (Gupta, 2008 and Barrett, Davidson, 2006: 1). Gupta notes the comments of the SPHR, Delicia Del-gardo, "diversity can result in better business solutions" (2008). There is much evidence as to how these teams thrive on the diversity of skills, knowledge and culture to effectively approach problem-solving in various situations at work. As it enables them to leverage different approaches to solve a particular professional issue, there is a conscious effort by many teams to employ a diverse workforce. It can also be observed that this practice brings multi-dimensional advantages to the company. Along with the advantage of effective problem-solving, which is of importance in cross-cultural environments as they are prone to conflict, this practice of a employing a diverse workforce also brings an advantage to the business in terms of market share. With cross-cultural teams being employed, there is more exposure to the different cultures and also different markets, as with virtual teams, hence, these businesses can penetrate foreign markets with ease due to the inherent knowledge and skills available within (Guindi, Kamel, 2003). These teams are usually trained to communicate the importance of awareness that diversity exists and the need to identify and find ways to work towards a shared goal of the business, in spite of the differences. Hence, the responsibility lies on the management to train the workforce to be aware of the existence of differences and avoid any conflict rising due to these differences. The managements are responsible to communicate and ensure proper strategies to convey the shared goals and values that the employees need to inculcate to avoid any conflict and work on common grounds (Guindi, Kamel, 2003). However, there are still hoards of conflicts inherent in the cross-cultural businesses that they need to effectively address to ensure its smooth and

Communicating at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Communicating at Work - Essay Example Proper communication is necessary to resolve conflicts that may happen among employees when job satisfaction decreases (Masters and Albright). When there is no communication between the supervisor and the subordinate, the former becomes oblivious to the latter’s needs and demands thus putting the latter under job stress which increases his dissatisfaction. This has bad effects on the organization in the long run. The manager has to remain informed about his employees and the only way he can do it is through communicating with them about what they want to get and what they need to do to achieve organizational goals. Workers need to communicate among themselves so that they can share views and ideas, and stay stress free. This is internal communication. External communication is also as much important which involves communicating with partners, shareholders and the customers. All this adds to the organization’s integrity and rapport which pays off in the long run in the f orm of employee and customer satisfaction. Works Cited Masters, Marick Francis, and Robert R. Albright. The Complete Guide to Conflict Resolution in the Workplace. USA: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn, 2002.

Confucius Essay -- essays research papers

Confucius became famous as a sage, or wise man, of China during the Age of Philosophers. His Five Classics have influenced the civilizations of most of eastern Asia. Confucius was born in the state of Lu when local rulers refused to pay homage to the emperor of a failing Chou dynasty. Confucius hated the disorder that ensued and looked back on a time when things like that were not even thought of. He studied the teachings of the sage’s whose teachings and influences had made China one whole nation at one time. He decided that he was the one who should restore the faith and practices of the old emperors and wise men. Since Confucius was not able to gain an official position in China, he spent most of his life teaching a core group of disciples. The main idea of Confucius’ philosophy was to provide rules and traditions for every conceivable situation in every day life. He was concerned with all the misery in the world, and he hoped that making men noble would bring about a noble world. Confucius’ ideas of being benevolent to one’s fellow man, closely following set rituals, and acting in a manner proper and befitting one’s social class became the state followed ideology during the Han dynasty.1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When studying the religion and philosophy of Confucius, one must have a clear understanding of the books he wrote. The Five Classics were from the period preceding the Warring States Period. They were brought together and edited by the members of Confucius’ original school. Once Confucianism was made China’s official philosophy, a person had to study these five books in order to gain a prized governmental position. Saying that there are only five classics is a bit of a misstatement. There are five classics and an extra book written by Confucius that is usually lumped in with the traditional Five Classics. That book is Lunyu, or The Analects. The Analects is a collection of little bits of wisdom that Confucius gave his disciples. However, the book is not a comprehensive “bible'; of Confucianism. It is a collection of quotations, anecdotes, and wisdoms. Due to this fact, Confucianism, at least according to Confucius, is open to interpretation. The Analects is still an interesting book, in that it provides a direct view of the thoughts and feelings of Confucius. T... ...e and control the world about him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Confucius taught that when patterns on earth match those of Heaven, the spiritual beings of Heaven can be brought to earth and made to help man. All the spirits and specters of Heaven could be drawn out by earthly virtue to enact the beneficiary duties their realm imposed on them. These spirits were believed to do such things as keep rivers flowing, winds blowing and bringing rain that was needed by farmers. In turn, the farmers, following the established Confucian code of conduct, gave tithes to their overlords. This allowed the overlords to provide arts, education, and entertainment.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people dispute the success of Confucianism. Technically, Confucianism failed. But only during the lifetime of its creator. During his life, Confucius only gathered a few followers. After his death, these followers passed on his teachings, wisdom, and love for rituals and the tradition survived. It survived all the way to the Han dynasty when it became the official Chinese philosophy. From then on, it was firmly established in Chinese culture and its effects and value systems can still be seen today.

Benzathine Benzylpenicillin

There are many people around the globe who would benefit from an injectable drug designed to release small amounts of medication over the course of a month. This is particularly necessary for people suffering from bacterial meningitis as they are required to receive injections on a regular basis. Additionally, there are countless other populations that would benefit from the availability of injectable medication. This type of medication dispension is useful for third world populations since they don’t have access to doctors on a regular basis.An injection that lasts for one month would ensure that these people were receiving necessary medication on a regular basis. At the same time, an injectable form of medication increases patient compliance since they are only responsible for getting the injection once a month instead of on a more regular basis. Similarly, injectable forms of medication allow patients to receive constant therapeutic levels of drug maintenance that ensures t hey get well.Finally, making medication available in injection form eliminates the need to refrigerate drugs and also reduces the number of trips a patient must make to a clinic to receive necessary medication. Therefore, this researcher aims to look at benzathine benzylpenicillin and its usefulness as an injectable drug. The lab already purchases benzathine benzylpenicillin but it is not in pure form. As a result, the job of this researcher would be to coat the benzathine benzylpenicillin with different polymers in order to slow down the dissolving process.If successful, this process would improve the lives of sick people all over the world who are required to receive frequent doses of penicillin. Penicillin is known to be unstable in liquid formations (Ogunleye, et al, 2004). Therefore, the first goal this researcher would have is to work with one type of polymer that uses heat rather than water. This polymer will be used to coat the penicillin so particles will not clump up. It i s essential to develop a way to keep penicillin particles from clumping so they can be released on a consistent basis after the initial injection.Further, benzathine benzylpenicillin will be injected using a needle and PVA is hydrophilic so clumping must be avoided in order to successfully inject the medication. The polymer this researcher will use is called polyvinyl alcohol. Establishing a way to prevent penicillin from clumping will contribute much to the research being conducted around the possibilities and benefits of using injectable benzathine benzylpenicillin. The second aim this researcher has is to develop a way to slow down the dissolving process of the benzathine benzylpenicillin in order to ensure that it releases constant dosages for an entire month.The main goal in slowing the dissolving process is to achieve a minimum level of concentration in order for the drug to be effective at a low level for a very long time. Discovering a way to slow this process is essential f or may patients, particularly those suffering from bacterial meningitis because benzathine benzylpenicillin cannot be given orally as the gastric acid and absorption of the intestinal tract is too slow to deem the oral form of the drug effective (Shaheen, 2004).There are several steps this researcher will take in preparing penicillin to be coated in order to make an injectible form of benzathine benzylpenicillin successful and worthwhile. After successfully determining the polymer concentrations that would be most effective, this researcher would use a fluid bed coater to apply the polymers to the penicillin. A fluid bed coater looks like an upside down bottle where the drug particles are dried as they travel in a clockwise circular motion. The penicillin will go into the machine and the polymers will go into a spray gun.The penicillin will be blown up into the upside down bottle and as it passes the spray gun it will be coated with the two different polymers. The inside of the bott le is hot so that the penicillin can dry before being sprayed with the polymers subsequent times. This process goes on until the researcher stops the machine. This allows the researcher to control how much polymer is allowed to coat the penicillin. The final step in this process is a dissolution test on the polymer coated penicillin. This researcher will place the penicillin in water (used as a medium of blood) and stir until dissolved.Then, this researcher will use a visible spectrospectry to determine the concentration of the drug in the water. This process allows the researcher to figure out how much of the drug was dissolved based on the amount of polymer coating the penicillin. In order to calculate the exact concentration, a sample of the water is placed in a cubbet and a UV light is shined on the sample. Concentration rates are determined based on how much light is able to come through, what type of light is coming through and the wavelength of the light coming through.Any gi ven molecule has a characteristic spectrum for a specific concentration of the drug, so by looking at the spectrum you can find drug concentration. This researcher is right for the job based on an in depth understanding of benzathine benzylpenicillin and the process it must go through to become safe and effective as an injectible drug. Additionally, this researcher is enthusiastic about the possibilities such an injectible drug will have to positively impact the lives of many people required to take constant doses of medication.The penicillin family of medication is an important tool in the arsenal for fighting illness (Wright, 1999). They are of low toxicity, they are highly effective and they are easily distributed through the body (Wright, 1999). This work won’t be accomplished quickly and there will be challenges along the way. However, this researcher is willing to persevere in order to discover new and innovative ways to make drug administration easier and more effectiv e for people required to take benzathine benzylpenicillin.When a correct mixture of polymers is discovered and dissolution is slow, this researcher will consider the project a success. Ogunleye, D. S. ; Kolawale, J. A. ; Okaroh, I. & Okeniyi, S. O. Effects of Thawing Methods on the Stability of Cloxacillin Sodium and Benzathine Benzyl Penicillin Injections. Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences 2004, 3, 51 – 55. Shaheen, Rubina. Penicillins. Indian Journal for the Practicing Doctor 2004, 1, 11 – 12. Wright, Alan J. The Penicillins. The Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 1999, 74, 290 – 307.

Best Short Stories for Middle School Students